BASIS PERSONAL
KOMPUTER SYSTEM
-A komputer system consists of
hardware and sofware components
-Hardware is the physical aquipment such as the case
storage drives,keyboards,monitors,cables,speakers, and printers.
-Sofware is the operating system and programs
-The
operating system instructs the computer how to operate
-program
or applications perform different functions
Computer cases
and power supplies
Computer
cases
-provides protection and
support for internal components
-should be durable,easy to service, and have enought
room for expansion
-the size and layout of a case is called a form factor
Power
supply
-converts AC power from the
wall socket into DC
-Must provide enough power for the installed
components and future additions.
FOUR BASIC UNISTS
OF ELECTRICITY
-
Voltage (V) is a measure of the force required to push
electrons through a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts.a computer power
supply usually produces several different voltages.
-
Current (I) is a measure of the amount of electrons going
through a circuit. Cerrent is measured in amperes,or amps (A). Computer power
supplies deliver different amperages for each output voltage.
-
Power (p) is voltage multiplied by current. The measurement
is called watts (w).computer power supplies are rated in watts.
-
Resistanse (R)is the opposition to the flow of current
circuit.resistanse is measured and ohms. Lower ristance allows more currents to
flow through a circuit.
Internal components
-identify the names charcteristics of:
1. motherboards
2.CPUS
3.cooling systems
4.ROM and RAM
5. adapter cards
6. storage drives
7. internal cables
Motherbords
-The motherboard is the main printed circuit
board
-contains the buses,or electrical
pathways found in acomputer. Busses allow data to travel. Among the various
components.
-accommodates cpu,ram,expansion
slots,heat sink/fan assembly. Blos chip,chip set,sockets,internal and
external,connectors,various ports, and the embedd wires
that interconnect-the motherboard componens.
Motherboard form factors
-the form factor of motherboards pertains to the size and
shape of the board.
-it also describes the physical
layout of the different components and devices the motherboard.
-various from factors exist for
motherboards.
AT – advanced technology
ATX – advanced technology extended
Mim- ATX- smaller footprint of ATX
Micro - ATX- smaller footprint of ATX
LPX- low-profile extended
Btx – balanced technology extended
Central processing unit (cpu)
-the cpu is know as the brain of the
computer. It is also referred to as the processor.
-the cpu executes a program, which is
a sequence of stored instructions
-two major cpu as chitectures related
to intruction sets:
1.reduced instruction set computer
(RISC)
2. complex instruction set
computer(CISC)
Central prossecing unit (continued)
-some CPUs incorporate hyperthreading
to enhance the performance of the CPU.
-The amount of data that a CPU can
process at the one time depends on the size of the processor data bus.
-Overclocking s a tecmique used to
make a processor work at a faster speed that its original specification.
-MMX is a set of multimedia
instructions boilt into intel processors.
-The latest processes technology has
resulted in cpu manu factures
Finding ways to incorporate more that
one cpu core into a single chip.
Dual core cpu, triple core cpu and quad core cpu cooling
systems.
-
Electronic components generate heat. Too much heat can damase
components
-
A case fan makes the cooling process more efficent.
-
A heat simk draws heat away from the core of the cpu. A fan
on top of the heat sink moves the heat away from the cpu.
-
Fans can be dedicated to cool the grophics-processing unit
(GPU).
ROM and RAM
-read –only memory (ROM)
-ROM contains the basic instructions
for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM
- RAM
-RAM is temporary storage for data
and programes that are being accessed
by the cpu.
-RAM is volatile memory,which means
that the contens are erased when the computer is powered off
- more RAM means more capacity to
hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system
ferformance.
memory modules
- Memory modules are memory chips
that have been so idered on to a special circuit board for easy installation
and removal
- Dual inline package (DIP) is an
individual memory chip
-single inline memory module (SIMM)
ia a small circuit board that holds several memory chip.
-dual inline memory module (DIMM) is
a circuit boar that holds SDRAM,DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM chip.
-RAM bus inline memory module (RIMM)
is a circuit boar that holds RDRAM chip.
-small outline DIMM (SODIMM) is a
smaller, more condensed version of DIMM which provedes random access data
storage that is ideal for usein laptops,printers,and other devices whare
conserving space is desirable.
-the speed of memory has a
direct impact on how much data a
processor can process becausi faster memory improves the processor.
Cache and error checking
-cache
1.SRAM is usedas cache memory to
store the most frequently used data.
2. SRAM provides the processor with
faster access to the data that retrieving it from the slower DRAM , or main
memory
-erro chehking
1.memorry emors occur when the data
is not stored correctily in the RAM chips.
2.the computer user different methods
to detect and correct.
Data errors in memory
Hard drives and hoppy driver
- Hard drives and hoppy driver read
or write information to magnetic storage media
- they may be fixod or removable
- the hard disk drive (HDD) is
magnetis storage device. The storage capacity is measured in gigalaytes (TIB)
Adapter cards
-Adapter cards increase the
functionality of a computer by edding controllers for specifis devices or by
replacing imalfunctioning
Ports:
ecamples of adapter cards:
-sound adapter and video adapter
-USB, parallel, and serial ports
-network interface cand
(nic),wirelles nic and modem adapter
TYPES
OF EXPANSION SLOTS:
-peripheral component interconnect
(PCI)
-adivancer graphics port (ATIP)
-PCI – express
Storage capacity is measured and gigalaytes (TIB)
-magnetic hard drives have arive
motors designed to spin magnetic platters and move the drive heads.
--solid state drives (SSDS) do not
have moving partsw,which resolts in faster access to data, highes
reliabillty,reduced power.
- A floppy disk drive (FDD) is stroge drive that
uses ramavable 3,5 inch floppy disk can store up to 1-44 MB ofdata.
